Ciprofloxacin
Pharmacology
Ciprofloxacin is a synthetic fluoroquinolone antibiotic. Ciprocin has strong activity against most Gram-negative aerobic bacteria including Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. It inhibits the DNA synthesis of the bacterial enzymes responsible for supercoiling.Uses of Ciprofloxacin
Ciprofloxacin is used for bacterial infections. It is indicated for- Respiratory infections
- Urinary tract infections
- Pelvic inflammatory disease
- Infectious diarrhea (Shigella dysentery, Vibrio cholera)
- Typhoid fever
- Intra-abdominal infections
- Neonatal infections
- Prostatitis
- Skin and soft collar infections
- Used as fever
- Meningitis
- Surgical prophylaxis.
Dosage
Tablet for Adults: The usual dosage range of Ciprofloxacin for adults is 250-750 mg twice daily. It is recommended that the usual dosage should not be exceeded for any treatment. Otherwise, it may suffer greatly. Urinary Tract Infections:- Acute uncomplicated - 100mg or 250mg - 3 days.
- Mild/Moderate - 250mg - 7 to 14 days.
- Severe/Complicated - 500mg - 7 to 14 days.
- Mild/Moderate - 500mg - 7 to 14 days.
- Severe/Complicated - 750mg - 7 to 14 days.
- Mild/Moderate - 500mg - 10 days.
- Mild/Moderate - 500mg - 7 to 14 days.
- Severe/Complicated - 750mg - 7 to 14 days.
- Mild/Moderate - 500mg ≥4-6 weeks.
- Severe/Complicated - 750mg ≥4-6 weeks.
- Mild/Moderate/Severe - 500mg - 3 to 5 days.
- Mild/Moderate - 500mg - 10 to 14 days.
- Severe - 750mg - 10 to 14 days.
- Carrier Stage - 500mg - 28 days.
- Pelvic Inflammatory Diseases: 500 to 750 mg - 2 times/day (14 days).
- Infectious Diarrhea (Shigella dysenteriae, Vibrio cholera): 500 mg - 2 times/day (1 to 5 days.
- Intra-abdominal infections: 500 to 750 mg - 2 times/day (5 to 14 days).
- Prostatitis: 500 to 750 mg - 2 times/day (2 to 6 weeks).
- Gonorrhea: 500 mg as a single dose
- Neutropenic patients with fever due to bacterial infection: 500 to 750 mg - 2 times/day co-administered with appropriate antibacterials.
- Meningitis: 500 mg as a single dose.
- Surgical prophylaxis: 500 mg as a single dose, before 60 minutes of the procedure.
- Enteric fever: 10-30mg /kg/day in two divided doses for 10 days.
- Acute invasive diarrhea: 10-30mg/kg/day in two divided doses for 3 days.
- Shigellosis: 10-30mg/kg/day in two divided doses for 5 days.
- UTI : 20-40mg/kg/day in two divided doses for 10-21 days.
- Urinary Tract Infection:
- Mild to Moderate: 200 mg/12 hourly - 7 to 14 days;
- Severe or Complicated: 400 mg/12 hourly - 7 to 14 days.
- Lower Respiratory Tract infection:
- Mild to Moderate: 400 mg/12 hourly - 7 to 14 days;
- Severe or Complicated: 400 mg/8 hourly - 7 to 14 days
- Nosocomial Pneumonia:
- Mild/Moderate/Severe: 400 mg/8 hourly - 7 to 14 days
- Skin and Skin Structure:
- Mild to Moderate: 400 mg/12 hourly - 7 to 14 days;
- Severe or Complicated: 400 mg/8 hourly - 7 to 14 days
- Bone and Joint Infection:
- Mild to Moderate: 400 mg/12 hour - more than 4-6 weeks;
- Severe/Complicated: 400 mg /8 hour - more than 4-6 weeks
- Intraabdominal (Acute abdomen):
- Complicated: 400 mg/12 hour - 7 to 14 days
- Acute Sinusitis:
- Mild/Moderate: 400 mg/12 hour - 10 days
- Chronic Bacterial Prostatitis:
- Mild/Moderate: 400 mg/12 hour - 28 Days.
Administration
Read the following instructions carefully before using Ciprofloxacin IV infusion.- Check the solution bag if there is any leakage or not. If leakage is found then discard the solution.
- Never use the solution if it looks cloudy.
- Regulate the flow of the clamp according to administration.
- Suspend the bag from the hanger.
Interaction
Ciprofloxacin has some drug interactions. It should not be used within four hours of medications containing magnesium/aluminum Hydroxide, or iron salts as interference with absorption may occur. Increased plasma levels of theophylline have been observed following concurrent administration with Ciprofloxacin.Contradiction
It is contradicted with the patients who have hypersensitivity to Ciprofloxacin or its elements.Side Effects of Ciprofloxacin
Some minor side effects of Ciprofloxacin may be seen during its medication. All of them are given below:- Headache
- Nausea or vomiting
- Cough
- Runny nose
- Diarrhea
- Fatigue, exhaustion, and weakness
- Skin rash
- Drowsy
- Joint pain, light sensitivity